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Omega-3 PUFAs: Type 2 Diabetes Risk

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By: Sean Moloughney

Editor, Nutraceuticals World

Nutraceutial: Omega-3 PUFAs
 
Indication: Type 2 Diabetes Risk
 
Source: Diabetes Care January 2014 vol. 37 no. 1; 189-196
 
Research: Researchers investigated the associations between serum omega-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), hair mercury and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and older Finnish men.
 
A total of 2,212 men from the prospective, population-based Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor study, aged 42–60 years and free of type 2 diabetes at baseline in 1984–1989, were investigated.
Serum PUFA and hair mercury were used as biomarkers for exposure.
 
Dietary intakes were assessed with 4-day food recording. Type 2 diabetes was assessed by self-administered questionnaires and fasting and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test blood glucose measurement at re-examination rounds
4, 11, and 20 years after the baseline and by record linkage to hospital discharge registry and reimbursement register on diabetes medication expenses. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze associations.
 
Results: During the average follow-up of 19.3 years, 422 men developed type 2 diabetes. Men in the highest versus the lowest serum EPA + DPA + DHA quartile had 33% lower multivariate-adjusted risk for type 2 diabetes (95% CI 13–49; P trend 0.01). No statistically significant associations were observed with serum or dietary ALA, dietary fish or EPA + DHA, or hair mercury.
 
Researchers concluded that serum long-chain omega-3 PUFA concentration, an objective biomarker for fish intake, was associated with long-term lower risk of type 2 diabetes.

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